In the Slum Almanac 2015-16, UN-Habitat estimates that one in eight of the world’s people live in slums. About a quarter of the world’s urban population lives in slums. This is down from 31% in 2001—but the absolute number of people living in slums worldwide has grown. In the world’s developing regions the proportion of urban population living in slums was 29.7% in 2014 (it was 46% in 1990), totaling 881 million, in contrast to 792 million in 2000 and 689 in 1990. Given current urbanization trends, this figure is likely to have increased by 2018. These estimates suggest that one third of the developing world’s urban population is living in slums,), representing 15% of all the people living in those regions.
If the iron-and-glass arcades of the 1850s were the enchanted forests of early consumer capitalism, today’s luxury-themed environments—including city-sized supermalls, artificial island suburbs, and faux downtown “lifestyle centers”—function as alternative universes for privileged forms of human life. On a planet where more than 2 billion people subsist on two dollars or less a day, these dreamworlds enflame desires—for infinite consumption, total social exclusion and physical security, and architectural monumentality—that are clearly incompatible with the ecological and moral survival of humanity.